C273 Introduction to Sociology Practice Questions - Set 4 - Part 1

Correct Answer: b) Differential Association Theory

Differential Association Theory, proposed by Edwin Sutherland, explains that individuals learn behaviors, including deviance, from interactions with others, particularly within close groups.

Correct Answer: b) Clear hierarchies and formal rules

Weber described bureaucracies as organizations with structured hierarchies, clear rules, and impersonal relationships, aiming for efficiency and predictability.

Correct Answer: b) Subculture

Subcultures have unique practices that set them apart from the mainstream culture but still coexist within it.

Correct Answer: c) Macroanalysis

Macroanalysis studies broad social structures and large-scale patterns that affect society, while microanalysis focuses on individual interactions.

Correct Answer: b) To teach individuals societal norms and values

Socialization is the process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, and behaviors necessary to participate in society.

Correct Answer: c) Unequal distribution of power and resources

Conflict theorists argue that inequalities in power and resources lead to social hierarchies and inequalities.

Correct Answer: c) Collective Conscience

Durkheim’s concept of the collective conscience refers to the shared beliefs and values that bind members of a society together.

Correct Answer: c) Social Stratification

Social stratification is the hierarchical organization of individuals in a society based on factors like wealth, power, and social status.

Correct Answer: b) Casual norms that govern everyday behavior

Folkways are informal norms that guide routine behaviors, unlike mores or laws which are strictly enforced.

Correct Answer: c) Symbolic Interactionism

Symbolic interactionism examines how people use symbols to communicate, create social relationships, and form identities.

Correct Answer: b) Centralization of power among a few leaders

The iron law of oligarchy states that organizations tend to become dominated by a small elite group over time, concentrating power at the top.

Correct Answer: b) Cultural Relativism

Cultural relativism encourages understanding other cultures without imposing one’s own cultural standards or judgments.

Correct Answer: a) Social bonds formed by shared tasks and values in traditional societies

Mechanical solidarity, according to Durkheim, is found in traditional societies where individuals perform similar roles and share common values.

Correct Answer: b) Labels create self-fulfilling prophecies that affect behavior

Labeling theory suggests that society’s labels influence individuals’ self-identity, potentially leading them to behave according to those labels.

Correct Answer: b) Caste System

In a caste system, social status is inherited, with little or no mobility across different social ranks.

Correct Answer: b) Charles Horton Cooley

Cooley’s concept of the looking-glass self describes how individuals shape their self-concept based on their perception of how others view them.

Correct Answer: c) Stability and social order

Functionalism examines how social structures and institutions contribute to stability and cohesion within society.

Correct Answer: b) Workers' acceptance of ideologies that harm their own interests

Marx’s concept of false consciousness describes how workers may accept dominant ideologies that prevent them from recognizing their exploitation.

Correct Answer: b) Leads to feelings of normlessness

Anomie, as defined by Durkheim, is a state where societal norms are weak or absent, leading to disorientation and instability.

Correct Answer: b) Secondary Analysis

Secondary analysis involves examining previously collected data for new insights, making it a cost-effective research method.