C168 Critical Thinking and Logic Practice Questions - Set 1 - Part 1

Correct Answer: Argument

An argument is a set of statements that includes at least one premise and a conclusion. An opinion is just a viewpoint, a fallacy is a flaw in reasoning, and an assumption is a statement taken for granted.

Correct Answer: The quality of the premises

A conclusion depends on the quality and relevance of the premises. It is not based on the opinion of the speaker, length of the argument, or emotional appeal.

Correct Answer: Fallacy

A fallacy is a flaw in reasoning that leads to a false conclusion. It undermines the logic of an argument.

Correct Answer: Inductive reasoning

Inductive reasoning draws general conclusions based on specific observations or instances. It is often probabilistic in nature.

Correct Answer: Argumentation

Argumentation is the process of using evidence and reasoning to justify a conclusion or position.

Correct Answer: Deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning starts with a general statement and works towards a specific conclusion, following a logical structure.

Correct Answer: Anecdotal evidence

Anecdotal evidence is based on personal accounts and experiences, affirming or supporting a conclusion through past occurrences.

Correct Answer: Ad hominem fallacy

The ad hominem fallacy attacks the person making the argument rather than the argument itself.

Correct Answer: Inference

An inference is a conclusion drawn from prior knowledge and evidence.

Correct Answer: Occam's Razor

Occam's Razor is a principle that states the simplest solution is often the correct one.

Correct Answer: Reasoning

Reasoning is the cognitive process of drawing conclusions or making inferences based on available premises.

Correct Answer: Strawman fallacy

The strawman fallacy misrepresents a person's argument to make it easier to attack or refute.

Correct Answer: Claim, grounds, and warrant

A persuasive argument is structured with a claim supported by grounds (evidence) and warrants (justifications).

Correct Answer: To reinforce the position

The conclusion aims to restate the argument's main points and reinforce the position the author is advocating.

Correct Answer: Concession

Concession involves acknowledging a point made by the opposing side and addressing it strategically within the argument.

Correct Answer: Statistical evidence

Statistical evidence uses numerical data to provide measurable support for a conclusion.

Correct Answer: Post hoc fallacy

The post hoc fallacy assumes that because one event follows another, the first event caused the second.

Correct Answer: Assertion

An assertion is a strong statement or claim made in an argument to convince the audience of a specific point.

Correct Answer: Evidence

Evidence provides the necessary support for a claim in an argument. It strengthens the validity of the argument.

Correct Answer: Counterargument

A counterargument is an opposing viewpoint introduced to strengthen one’s own argument through refutation.